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Gorky (Ãîðüêèé) Maxim
(pseud. of Aleksey Maximovich Peshkov, Ïåøêîâ)
(1868–1936)

Gorky (Ãîðüêèé) Maxim(pseud. of Aleksey Maximovich Peshkov, Ïåøêîâ)(1868–1936)

Russian writer, b. Nizhny Novgorod (named Gorky, 1932–91). Gorky is considered the father of Soviet literature and the founder of the doctrine of socialist realism.

Instilled by his grandmother with a love of romantic tales and great sympathy for mankind, Gorky began a nomadic life at 12, wandering the Volga area. Since the czar’s schools were closed to peasants, he educated himself, an experience he describes in "My Universities" (1923). He held dozens of menial jobs, publishing his first story in 1892. Gorky then became a journalist and married a colleague on the "Samarskaya Gazeta". His articles exposed local corruption and he soon lost his job.

In 1898 Gorky’s collection "Sketches and Stories" was published by a radical press and the author was an immediate sensation. These romantic tales concern the vigor and nobility of the Russian peasants and workers. About 1900 he turned to writing novels of social realism. Of these, "Mother" (1906) had the greatest impact on Soviet literature. Describing the awakening of revolutionary feeling in an ill-treated peasant woman, it became the prototype of the revolutionary novel. At this time Gorky became close friends with Leo Tolstoy and Chekhov, about both of whom he later wrote superb "Reminiscences".

Gorky donated most of his income to the revolutionary movement. He was arrested frequently but treated carefully because of his tremendous popularity. The tsar rescinded his election to the Academy of Sciences in 1902, whereupon Chekhov and Korolenko resigned in protest. Gorky wrote 15 plays, two of which, heavily censored, were enormously successful at the Moscow Art Theatre. One of them, "The Lower Depths" (1902), a study of the wretched lives of derelicts, remains a classic. His plays, at first modeled on Chekhov’s, emphasized characterization over plot.

After the failure of the 1905 revolution, in which he took part, Gorky sought to raise funds for the movement abroad. Following an initial triumphant reception in the United States (1906), he was insulted and mistreated there because his traveling companion was a woman who was not his wife. Settling in Capri (1906–13), he set up a Bolshevik propaganda school before he returned to Russia in 1914.

Although philosophically at odds with Lenin, Gorky was able to extract from him aid for many intellectuals and artists in an era of intellectual restriction. Exhausted from his work as head of the State Publishing House and by bouts with tuberculosis, he sought rest abroad (1921) and returned in 1928. His final, unfinished work, often considered his masterpiece, is "The Life of Klim Samgin" (1927–36), a panoramic four-volume novel of Russian social conditions from 1880 to 1917. Gorky’s death at 68 has been ascribed to assassination by poison, perpetrated according to one view by an anti-Soviet group.

Gorky’s work was remarkable for its vitality and optimism. It revealed, within its devotion to realism, a strong poetic strain and an eternal passion for justice. By the example of his work and life and by his literary criticism Gorky exerted a profound influence on Soviet thought. Most of his works have been translated.


Albania, 1986, Maxim Gorky

Albania, 1986, Gorky, Ampere, Watt and List

Bulgaria, 1968, Maxim Gorky

Czechoslovakia, 1968, Maxim Gorky

DDR, 1953, Maxim Gorky

DDR, 1968, Maxim Gorky

DDR, 1968, Song of the Stormy Petrel

DDR, 1974, Bas-reliefs, illustrating play of Brecht «Die Mutter»

Gambia, 2010, «The Lower Depths» («Donzoko»)

Hungary, 1948, Maxim Gorky

Hungary, 1951, Maxim Gorky

Hungary, 1951, Maxim Gorky

Hungary, 1951, Maxim Gorky

India, 1968, Maxim Gorky

Mongolia, 1968, Maxim Gorky

Nicaragua, 1994, «The Lower Depths»

Rumania, 1956, Maxim Gorky

Russia, 1998, Theatre and Characters

Russia, 2000, Book and Aleksei Gorky

Serbia and Montenegro, 2003, Zivanovic as Egor Bulichov

USSR, 1932/1933, Maxim Gorky

USSR, 1932/1933, Maxim Gorky

USSR, 1943, Maxim Gorky

USSR, 1943, Maxim Gorky

USSR, 1946, Maxim Gorky

USSR, 1946, Maxim Gorky

USSR, 1956/1957, Maxim Gorky, «The Mother»

USSR, 1958, Maxim Gorky

USSR, 1959, Maxim Gorky Monument in Moskow

USSR, 1968, Maxim Gorky

USSR, 1971, Gorky monument in Gorky

Vietnam, 1968, Maxim Gorky

DDR, 1968.03.14, Berlin. Maxim Gorky

DDR, 1982.18.06, Berlin. Maxim Gorky

Germany. Thuringen, 1947.06.15—20, Altenburg. Maxim Gorky's week

Hungary, 1951.06.17, Budapest. Maxim Gorky

India, 1968.03.28, Bombay. Maxim Gorky

Russia, 2001.09.04—09, Nizhny Novgorod. Gorky Monument

USSR, Gorky. Museum of Gorky

USSR, Gorky. Museum of Maxim Gorky

USSR, Kazan. Museum of Gorky

USSR, 1968.03.28, Gorky. Birth centenary of Maxim Gorky

USSR, 1968.03.28, Leningrad. Birth centenary of Maxim Gorky

USSR, 1968.03.28, Moskow. Birth centenary of Maxim Gorky

Moldova, 2006, Films of Emil Lotyanu

Russia, 1998, Nizhny Novgorod. Gorky's Birthplace

Russia, 1998, Scene from Gorky's play «Zikovs»

Russia, 1999, Nikoly Batalov in film «Mother»

Russia, 2002, Vladivostok. Gorky's Theatre

Russia, 2003, Museum of Gorky

Russia, 2003, Vladivostok. Gorky's Theatre

Russia, 2004, Birth Centenary of actor Boris Babochkin

Russia, 2005, «Literary Newspaper»

Russia, 2009, Birth Centenary of actor Bruno Freindlikh

USSR, 1955, Gorky monument in Gorky

USSR, 1955, Monument to Gorky and Rainis in Kemeri

USSR, 1956, Gorky monument in Moskow

USSR, 1958, Gorky's museum in Gorky

USSR, 1959, Gorky monument in Gorky

USSR, 1960, Gorky monument in Gorky

USSR, 1963, Maxim Gorky

USSR, 1967, Maxim Gorky

USSR, 1968, Gorky monument in Gorky

USSR, 1968, Gorky monument in Yalta

USSR, 1969, Gorky's museum in Gorky

USSR, 1971, Gorky Monument in Gorky

USSR, 1971, Gorky monument in Gorky

USSR, 1973, Gorky's museum in Moskow

USSR, 1974, Gorky's Film Studio

USSR, 1976, Gorky Monument in Moskow

USSR, 1976, Gorky's museum in Gorky

USSR, 1980, Gorky Monument in Dnepropetrovsk

USSR, 1980, Gorky Monument in Gorky

USSR, 1980, Gorky Monument in Yevpatoria

USSR, 1982, Gorky's museum in Moskow

USSR, 1982, Gorky's museum in Gorky

USSR, 1982, Gorky Monument in Yevpatoria

USSR, 1982, Gorky, «Sibirskie ogni» magazin

USSR, 1983, Gorky Monument in Gorky

USSR, 1984, Gorky's museum in Gorky

USSR, 1984, Monument «Ayni and Gorky» in Dushanbe

USSR, 1985, Gorky's museum in Gorky

USSR, 1987, Maxim Gorky

USSR, 1988, Gorky's museum in Kazan

USSR, 1989, 60th Annv of «Literature Newspaper»

USSR, 1990, 70th anniv of Gorky theatre in Lvov

USSR, 1990, Scene from film «Mother»

Belarus, 2004, Nikolay Zvezdochetov as Egor Bulichov

Russia, 2003, Portraits of writers by Kukriniksi

Russia, 2004, Birth Centenary of Boris Livanov

Russia, 2009, Museum of Maxim Gorky

Russia, 2012, Vera Pashennaja as Vassa Zheleznova

USSR, 1956.04.08, Gorky monument in Moskow

USSR, 1957, Gorky monument in Moskow

USSR, 1957.02.15, Lenin and Gorky

USSR, 1957.02.15, Lenin and Gorky playing chess

USSR, 1958.02.18, Maxim Gorky

USSR, 1965.09.13, Gorky monument in Kharkov

USSR, 1967.07.07, Gorky monument in Moskow

USSR, 1968.02.22, Gorky monument in Gorky

USSR, 1969.03.05, Gorky monument in Gorky

USSR, 1970.11.18, Gorky's museum in Gorky

USSR, 1970.11.18, Gorky monument in Gorky

USSR, 1970.11.18, Gorky monument in Gorky

USSR, 1971.05.07, Gorky's Culture house in Novosibirsk

USSR, 1972.02.15, Gorky's Culture house in Novosibirsk

USSR, 1973.01.03, Gorky monument in Gorky

USSR, 1973.01.31, Gorky monument in Kishinev

USSR, 1973.04.28, Gorky monument in Yalta

USSR, 1975.11.05, Gorky's museum in Kazan

USSR, 1977.02.25, Gorky monument in Gorky

USSR, 1977.08.03, Gorky monument in Tashkent

USSR, 1981.12.11, Gorky monument in Gorky

USSR, 1982.09.03, Gorky monument in Frunze

USSR, 1985.04.29, Gorky's museum in Gorky

USSR, 1985.12.20, Gorky's museum in Gorky

USSR, 1987.04.10, Gorky monument in Yalta

USSR, 1988.01.18, Gorky monument in Gorky

USSR, 1990.05.08, Gorky monument in Nizhny Novgorod

USSR, 1991.02.20, Gorky monument in Irkutsk

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