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«Jolly Roger»

The Jolly Roger is the name given to any of various flags flown to identify a ship's crew as pirates. The flag most usually identified as the Jolly Roger today is the skull and crossbones, being a flag consisting of a skull above two long bones set in an x-mark arrangement on a black field. This design was used by four pirates, captains Edward England, John Taylor, Sam Bellamy and John Martel. Despite its appearance in popular culture, plain black flags were often employed by most pirates in the 17th-18th century. Historically, the flag was flown to frighten pirates' victims into surrendering without a fight, since it conveyed the message that the attackers were outlaws who would not consider themselves bound by the usual rules of engagement -- and might, therefore, slaughter those they defeated. (Since captured pirates were usually hanged, they didn't have much to gain by asking quarter if defeated.) The same message was sometimes conveyed by a red flag, as discussed below.

Since the decline of piracy, various military units have used the Jolly Roger, usually in skull-and-crossbones design, as a unit identification insignia or a victory flag to ascribe to themselves the proverbial ferocity and toughness of pirates. It has also unofficially been used to signify Electric Hazard. The background is blood red and the Skull and Bones are black in color.

Ecuador, 2006, Holy Rogers flags, ships, pirate

Great Britain, 2001, Jolly Roger flown by H.M.S. Proteus

Great Britain, 2001, Jolly Roger flown by H.M.S. Proteus

Great Britain, 2009, Joly Roger

St. Lucia, 1996/2003, Pirate's Flag and carrack

Tanzania, 1994, Pirate's Caracka

Great Britain, 2001.10.22, Liverpool. Holy Roger

Great Britain, 2001.10.22, Penzance. Holy Roger

Great Britain, 2001.10.22, Rosyth Dunfermline. Holy Roger