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Zhukovsky (Жуковский) Vasily Andreyevich
(1783—1852)

Vasily Andreyevich Zhukovsky was the foremost Russian poet and translator of the 1810s. He is credited with introducing the Romantic movement to the Russian literature. Quite a few of his translations proved to be more competently written and enduring works than their originals. Named after his godfather, Zhukovsky was the illegitimate son of a landlord named Bunin by his Turkish slave girl. In his youth, he lived in Moscow and frequented the house of Nikolay Karamzin, later succeeding him as the unofficial leader of the Russian poetry. His first publication, a translation of Thomas Gray's An Elegy Written in a Country Church Yard (1802), is usually taken as a starting point of the Russian Romanticism. As Nabokov put it, Zhukovsky belonged to the class of poets who incidentally verge on greatness but never attain that glory. The main body of his literary output consists of free translations, covering a wide range of poets, from Ferdowsi to Schiller. Zhukovsky was particularly admired for his first-rank melodious translations of German and English ballads. Among his own attempts at this genre, Svetlana (1808) is considered a landmark in the Russian poetry. He dedicated this ballad to a niece, unrequited love for whom clouded his personal life for years. During Napoleon's invasion (1812) Zhukovsky joined the Russian army and wrote much patriotic verse there. He composed the lyrics for the national anthem of Imperial Russia, God Save the Tsar! In order to promote Karamzin's anti-classicist aesthetics, he founded the humorous Arzamas literary society. Members included young Alexander Pushkin. Upon the latter's death, Zhukovsky acted as his executor, diligently preparing for publication some of his unedited pieces. In 1826, he was appointed tutor to the future Alexander II. Such a great influence he had on the tsesarevich, that the liberal reforms of the 1860s are sometimes attributed to the influence of Zhukovsky's education. The poet often used his high repute at the St Petersburg court to take up the cudgels for such rebellious writers as Pushkin, Lermontov, Alexander Herzen, Taras Shevchenko, and the Decembrists. In 1841, he retired from the court on account of ill health and settled in Germany. By that time, he discontinued writing original verse and concentrated his efforts on translating Homer's Odyssey (printed in 1849).

Russia, 1999, Pushkin. In right, near table — Bulgarin and Viazemsky

Russia, 2005, Zhukovsky and prince Alexander

Russia, 2005, Zhukovsky's poem

USSR, 1952, Vasily Zhukovsky

USSR, 1954, Pushkn, Zhukovsky and Glinka

Russia, 2004, 250th Birth Anniversary of Shishkov

Russia, 2008, Vasily Zhukovsky

USSR, 1971.09.23, Monument «Millenium of Russia» in Novgorod

USSR, 1974.03.12, Zgukovsky's portrait on the wall

USSR, 1983, Birth bicentenary of Zhukovsky