The directory «Plots»

Radnóti Miklós
(1909—1944)

Miklós Radnóti, birth name Miklós Glatter was a Hungarian poet who fell victim to the Holocaust. Radnóti was born into a bourgeois Jewish family. His life was considerably shaped by the fact that both his mother and his twin brother died at his birth. He refers to this trauma is the title of his compilation Ikrek hava ("Month of Gemini"/"Month of the Twins"). Though in his last years, he was being violently expulsed from Hungarian society (because he was a Jew), he identified himself very strongly as a Hungarian through his poems. In his poetry, avantgarde and expressionist impressions mingle with a new classical style, a good example being his eclogues. His romantic love poetry is notable as well. His marriage with his wife Fanni Gyarmati (married 1935) was an exceptionally happy one.Radnóti converted to Catholicism in 1943. This decision was partly prompted by the persecution of the Hungarian Jews (from which converts to Christianity have been exempted in part at the beginning), but partly also with his long-standing fascination with Catholicism.

In the early forties, he was conscripted by the Hungarian Army, but being a Jew, he was assigned to a weaponless support battalion (munkaszolgálat) in the Ukrainian front. In May of 1944, the defeated Hungarians retreated and Radnóti's labor battalion was assigned to the Bor, Serbia copper mines. In August of 1944, as consequence of Tito's advance, Radnóti's group of 3200 Hungarian Jews was force-marched to Central Hungary, which very few reached alive. Radnóti was fated not to be among them. Throughout these last months of his life, he continued to write poems in a little notebook he kept with him. According to witnesses, in early November of 1944, Radnóti was severily beaten by a drunken militiaman, who had been tormenting him for "scribbling". Too weak to continue, he was shot into a mass grave near the village of Abda in Northwestern Hungary. Today, a statue next to the road commemorates his death on this spot.

Eighteen months later, his body was unearthed and in the front pocket of his overcoat the small notebook of his final poems was discovered. These final poems are lyrical and poignant and represent some of the few works of literature composed during the Holocaust that survived. Possibly his best known poem is the fourth stanza of the Razglednicák, where he describes the shooting of another man and then envisions his own death.

Hungary, 1972, Miklós Radnóti

Hungary, 2009, Miklos Radnoti